Bones are constantly being broken down and rebuilt by osteoclasts and osteoblasts, respectively. This process is known as bone remodeling. Osteoporosis is condition in which bones are destroyed at a rate faster than they are rebuilt and therefore become weaker over time. Since an increase in osteoclast activity can lead to a reduction in bone mass, it has been proposed that estrogen (which stimulates osteoblast activity) could be used to combat the effects of osteoporosis. This theory also explains why osteoporosis affects primarily post-menopausal women (women who are producing less estrogen than they previously were).Preventing osteoporosis is a worthy goal, and there are several ways to go about it. First and most importantly is calcium intake. Calcium in the bloodstream is necessary for both slowing bone breakdown and promoting bone formation. Increasing dietary calcium can lead to this desired effect. Secondly, vitamin D is needed to promote absorption of calcium. Vitamin D can be absorbed through the skin from sunlight, and can also be ingested. Vitamin D fortified milk is an excellent source of both calcium and vitamin D.
Finally, exercise is a great way to slow osteoporosis. Bones respond to stress by building more bone. Running, for example, will help strengthen the bones of the lower body and help prevent the onset of frailty. It is important to note that impact exercies should be undertaken gradually in order to reduce the risk of developing stress fractures in individuals who already are experiencing some early form of osteoporosis.
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